Nuclear receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the nuclear receptor binds to DNA specific PPAR response elements (PPRE) and modulates the transcription of its target genes, such as acyl-CoA oxidase. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. ARF6 acts as a key regulator of the tissue-specific adipocyte P2 (aP2) enhancer. Acts as a critical regulator of gut homeostasis by suppressing NF-kappa-B-mediated proinflammatory responses. Plays a role in the regulation of cardiovascular circadian rhythms by regulating the transcription of ARNTL/BMAL1 in the blood vessels.; (Microbial infection) Upon treatment with M.tuberculosis or its lipoprotein LpqH, phosphorylation of MAPK p38 and IL-6 production are modulated, probably via this protein.

1. LEPR rs1137101 and PPARG-2 rs1801282 had weak and medium negative effects on zBMI, respectively, and may slightly protect against childhood obesity. PMID: 29679223
2. Data show the partial-agonist-bound PPARgamma is characterized by multiple thermodynamically accessible conformations. PMID: 29728618
3. Cellular metabolism constrains innate immune responses in preterm infants due to perturbations in the expression of PPARgamma, MALT1, DDIT4, and most of the cytokines. PMID: 30446641
4. PPARgamma knockdown resulted in increased levels of TOMM40, APOE and APOC1 -mRNAs, showing the strongest impact on APOE transcript levels. PMID: 28065845
5. Studies indicate that peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) expression is found in different regions of the kidney and, upon activation, can redirect metabolism [Review]. PMID: 30012954
6. These results demonstrate that betaine acts through ERK1/2-PPARgamma signalling pathway to regulate lipid metabolism in adipogenic-differentiated skeletal muscle cells, which could provide some useful information for controlling muscle lipid accumulation by manipulating ERK1/2 and PPARgamma signalling pathway. PMID: 29383561
7. novel soluble form present in maternal plasma, umbilical plasma, and amniotic fluid, elevated in gestational diabetes mellitus maternal individuals, and correlated with the lipid uptake of trophoblast cells PMID: 28720051
8. ALDH1A3 suppression could be one of PPARG tumor suppressive function. This study provides a better understanding of the role of PPARG in lung cancer. PMID: 29873276
9. Regulation of transmembrane-4-L-six-family-1 (TM4SF1) on bladder cancer cell could be induced by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma)-sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) feedback loop. PMID: 29175458
10. Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma polymorphism is associated with the risk of colorectal cancer. PMID: 29970681
11. The lack of PPARγ in recurrent miscarriage decidual macrophages seems to be associated with a specific inflammatory response against the fetus. PMID: 29949879
12. EDF1 is required for VEGF-induced activation of the transcriptional activity of PPARgamma in HUVEC cells. PMID: 29933613
13. Studied peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma gene (PPARgamma) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs); found the SNPs to be associated with the occurrence or progression of sepsis. PMID: 29055064
14. This study suggests that T2D patients with different genotypes at CD36, NOS3 and PPARG respond differentially to intervention of omega-3 supplements in blood lipid profiles. PMID: 29703528
15. ITLN1, PPARg AND TNFa GENE EXPRESSION IN VISCERAL ADIPOSE TISSUE. PMID: 30188100
16. Gene expressions of YKL-40 and CD36 were significantly higher in patients with T2DM (>5 yr) with hypertension compared to healthy controls (P=0.006). In addition, a significant increase in serum levels of sCD36, PPAR-gamma and YKL-40 was observed in patients with T2DM (>5 yr) with hypertension compared to healthy controls PMID: 29806605
17. Mechanistic investigation revealed a miR-301b~miR-130b-PPARgamma axis, whose expression pattern in umbilical cord (UC), adipose tissue (Ad) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells significantly correlates with their adipogenic capacity. PMID: 28442776
18. The negative responders for aerobic training are subjects with the PPARG rs1801282 Pro/Pro genotype. The best responders to aerobic training are PPARG rs1801282 Ala carriers. PMID: 29762540
19. These results demonstrated the association of PPARgamma Pro allele with susceptibility to acne vulgaris. PMID: 29120856
20. participation rates in the genotype-based recall study were 31%, 44%, and 40%, and accordingly we included 12, 15, and 13 individuals with Pro12Pro, Pro12Ala, and Ala12Ala variants of PPARG, respectively PMID: 29303622
21. Here we have shown for the first time, that ligand- or insulin-mediated activation of PPARgamma in human hepatoma cell line HepG2 causes the downregulation of C3 gene expression and protein secretion PMID: 29550264
22. Interactions between SOD2 and PPAR-gamma SNPs regarding mortality influence were detected in diabetic ESRD patients. PMID: 27925431
23. Data suggest that up-regulation of NPY inhibits proliferation of adipose-derived stem cells while promoting adipogenesis and up-regulating expression of white adipocyte biomarkers PPARG, CEBPA, CIDEC, and RIP140. (NPY = neuropeptide Y; CEBPA = CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha; CIDEC = cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector C; RIP140 = nuclear receptor interacting protein 1) PMID: 28954935
24. The presence of Pro12Pro and C14131C genotypes is related to higher TAG level in CTD. PMID: 29606859
25. Low PPARG expression is associated with childhood obesity. PMID: 28733963
26. The results propose that PPARgamma may act as a master regulator of the transcription of several genes involved in late-onset Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. PMID: 29723294
27. Polymorphism of PPARG is associated with late onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus. PMID: 28292576
28. PPARgamma gene rs2921190 polymorphism was correlated with the susceptibility to northwest dryness syndrome. PMID: 29960292
29. Phosphorylation of S273 of PPARgamma occurs in cancer cells on exposure to DNA damaging agents. PMID: 29295932
30. Chinese Han persons with C allele of rs3856806 in PPARG gene were significantly associated with the decreased risk of hypertension. PMID: 29266977
31. We further identified this underlying mechanism also involved a PPARgamma-induced ANXA1-dependent autoubiquitination of cIAP1, the direct E3 ligase of RIP1, shifting cIAP1 toward proteosomal degradation..our study provides first insight for the suitability of using drug-induced expression of ANXA1 as a new player in RIP1-induced death machinery in triple-negative breast cancer PMID: 29021293
32. PAX8-PPARG fusions may not play major roles in the tumorigenesis of paediatric follicular thyroid carcinoma PMID: 28621837
33. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and microarray analysis showed enrichment of adipogenic mediators (C/EBP family P = .027; KLF5 P < .000; and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma, P = .032) in AAA tissue. PMID: 28912007
34. the mRNA expression levels of PPARG were not significantly different between the tumor tissues and tissue margins PMID: 28504924
35. These results suggest that the inhibited brain development seen in humans exposed to the stress of a premature extrauterine environment is modulated by genetic factors, and that PPARG signaling has a previously unrecognized role in cerebral development. PMID: 29229843
36. PPAR-gamma and Akt regulate GLUT1 and GLUT3 surface localization during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. PMID: 28852964
37. Here, the authors characterize mutant RXRA, demonstrating it induces enhancer/promoter activity in the context of RXRA/PPAR heterodimers in human bladder cancer cells. PMID: 29143738
38. Low PPARG expression is associated with Gemcitabine Resistance in Cholangiocarcinoma. PMID: 28560603
39. PPARG gene polymorphism causes the development of oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes with 5-10 years durations. PMID: 29762970
40. co-expression of PPARgamma and TRAP220 represents a biomarker for good prognosis in colorectal cancer patients PMID: 26130665
41. Carriers of the PPAR-gamma Ala12 allele showed greater cognitive decline compared to non-carriers but the risk varied across sex and ethnic groups. Male Ala12 carriers of Hispanic origin may be a high-risk group for cognitive decline. PMID: 28181642
42. overexpression of GATA3 and FOXA1 cooperate with PPAR activation to drive transdifferentiation of a basal bladder cancer cells to a luminial phenotype. PMID: 27924948
43. Results show that the nuclear distribution of PPARgamma in gastric cancer (GC) tissues and cell lines was markedly decreased. Its expression is regulated by miR-133b in gastric neoplasm tissue and cell lines. PMID: 28901466
44. study implies that DJ-1 may protect endothelial progenitor cells against Ang II-induced dysfunction by activating the PPARgamma/HO-1. PMID: 28600848
45. There were no differences between the distribution of genotypes and the allele frequencies of the PPARG Pro12Ala, and C1431T polymorphisms and the ADRB3 Trp64Arg polymorphism in normo- and hyperglycaemic women. PMID: 29464546
46. We conclude that rs1784933 and rs1805192 minor alleles, gene- gene interaction between rs1784933 and rs1805192, gene- environment interaction between rs1784933 and alcohol drinking, and haplotype containing the rs1784933- A and rs689021- C alleles are all associated with increased LOAD risk. PMID: 28427149
47. Most of the tested flavonoids, but not the antioxidant vitamins, stimulated Nrf2-, FoxO-, and PPARgamma-dependent promoter activities. PMID: 28761622
48. Findings suggest that despite their proposed involvement in the regulation of inflammatory processes in multiple sclerosis (MS), PPARalpha, PPARbeta/delta, and PGC-1alpha proteins are not potential biomarkers of neuroinflammation in MS, and indicate a preferential role of PPARgamma in the endogenous regulation of autoimmune response in the human central nervous system within its receptor family. PMID: 28483651
49. combined administration of small-interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection with PPARgamma ligands induced downregulation of SOX2 and MMP2 activity together with inhibition of sphere-forming activity regardless of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. Taken together, our findings suggest that a combination therapy using PPARgamma ligands and its inhibitor could be a potential therapeutic strategy targeting glioblastom... PMID: 28642874
50. Results showed that polymorphism in PPARGrs10865710, PPARGrs1805192 and CYP1A1rs4646903 and interaction between PPARGrs1805192 and CYP1A1rs4646903 were related with increased coronary artery disease susceptibility. PMID: 28415751

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Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Note=Redistributed from the nucleus to the cytosol through a MAP2K1/MEK1-dependent manner. NOCT enhances its nuclear translocation.

Nuclear hormone receptor family, NR1 subfamily

Highest expression in adipose tissue. Lower in skeletal muscle, spleen, heart and liver. Also detectable in placenta, lung and ovary.

HGNC: 9236

OMIM: 137800

KEGG: hsa:5468

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000287820

UniGene: Hs.162646