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冠狀病毒

冠狀病毒是一類(lèi)通常影響鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)和哺乳動(dòng)物,包括人類(lèi)呼吸道的病毒。"冠狀病毒"一詞來(lái)源于其表面的冠狀突起。拉丁文中,“corona”意為“光環(huán)”或“王冠”。

科學(xué)家最早于1937年分離出一種冠狀病毒,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)一種冠狀病毒是鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)傳染性支氣管炎病毒,有能力摧毀家禽存欄。冠狀病毒亞科的成員在哺乳動(dòng)物中廣泛分布,通常只引起輕微的呼吸道或腸道感染。超過(guò)60種冠狀病毒(CoVs)已從蝙蝠(BtCoV)中分離出來(lái),其中大多數(shù)屬于β冠狀病毒屬。

人類(lèi)冠狀病毒(HCoVs)

人類(lèi)冠狀病毒(HCoVs)屬于Nidovirales目,Coronaviridae科,Coronavirinae亞科,Alphacoronavirus屬或Betacoronavirus屬。上世紀(jì)60年代在感冒患者的鼻子中首次發(fā)現(xiàn)了HCoVs,它們代表了與多種呼吸道疾病相關(guān)的冠狀病毒(CoVs)的一個(gè)主要群體,包括普通感冒、肺炎和支氣管炎等 [1]。它們通常引起短暫的呼吸道或胃腸道疾病。

迄今為止,已經(jīng)確定了七種已知的HCoVs,即HCoV-229E、HCoV-NL63、HCoV-OC43、HCoV-HKU1、嚴(yán)重急性呼吸綜合癥冠狀病毒(SARS-CoV)、中東呼吸綜合癥冠狀病毒(MERS-CoV)和2019新型冠狀病毒(SARS-CoV-2)。

其中,四種HCoVs(HCoV-229E、HCoV-NL63、HCoV-OC43和HCoV-HKU1)在人群中廣泛傳播,占人類(lèi)普通感冒感染的約三分之一 [2]。

Human Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)

Product Name Target Source Tag Info Product Code
Recombinant Human Novel Coronavirus Non-structural protein 8 (ns8) NSP8 E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP3366GND
Recombinant Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Non-structural protein 9 (nsp9) Nsp9 Mammalian cell C-terminal hFc-Flag-tagged CSB-MP3388GND
Recombinant Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Non-structural protein 9 (nsp9) Nsp9 E.coli C-terminal 10xHis-tagged CSB-EP3388GND
Recombinant Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Envelope small membrane protein & Membrane protein (E & M), partial E & M E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-SUMO-tagged CSB-EP3402GND
Recombinant Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (NSP12) NSP12 E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP3371GND
Recombinant Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Nucleoprotein (N) (Active) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP3325GMY
Recombinant Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Nucleoprotein (N) (T205I) (Active) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP3325GMY(M2)
Recombinant Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Nucleoprotein (N) (P80R) (Active) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP3325GMY(M3)
Recombinant Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Nucleoprotein (N) (P13L) (Active) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP3325GMY(M4)
Recombinant Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Nucleoprotein (N) (D103Y) (Active) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP3325GMY(M5)
Recombinant Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Nucleoprotein (N) (L230F) (Active) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP3325GMY(M9)
Recombinant Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Nucleoprotein (N) (I292T) (Active) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP3325GMY(M10)
Recombinant Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Nucleoprotein (N) (Q384H) (Active) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP3325GMY(M11)
Recombinant Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Nucleoprotein (N) (R203K,G204R) (Active) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP3325GMY(M12)
Recombinant Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Nucleoprotein (N) (D3L,R203K,G204R,S235F) (Active) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP3325GMY(M1)
Recombinant Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Nucleoprotein (N) (S202N) (Active) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP3325GMY(M8)
Recombinant Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Nucleoprotein (N) (R203M,D377Y) (Active) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP3325GMY(M13)
Recombinant Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Nucleoprotein (N) (D63G,R203M,D377Y) (Active) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP3325GMY(M14)
Recombinant Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Nucleoprotein (N), partial N E.coli C-terminal 10xHis-tagged CSB-EP3325GMY1
Recombinant Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Nucleoprotein (N), Biotinylated N E.coli N-terminal MBP-tagged and C-terminal 6xHis-Avi-tagged CSB-EP3325GMY-B

Human SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV)

Product Name Target Source Tag Info Product Code
Recombinant Human SARS coronavirus Protein non-structural 7b (7b), partial 7b E.coli N-terminal GST-tagged CSB-EP756006HQE
Recombinant Human SARS coronavirus Nucleoprotein (N) N Baculovirus N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged CSB-BP349523HQE
Recombinant Human SARS coronavirus Nucleoprotein (N) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP349523HQE
Recombinant Human SARS coronavirus Spike glycoprotein (S), partial (Active) S Mammalian cell N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged CSB-MP348663HQE
Recombinant Human SARS coronavirus Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Yeast N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-YP348663HQE
Recombinant Human SARS coronavirus Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Yeast N-terminal 6xHis-sumostar-tagged CSB-YP348663HQEa4
Recombinant Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 3C-like proteinase, partial N/A in vitro E.coli expression system N-terminal 10xHis-tagged CSB-CF3621GOU
Recombinant Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Mammalian cell C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-MP348663HQEc7
Recombinant SARS coronavirus MA15 3C-like proteinase, partial N/A in vitro E.coli expression system N-terminal 10xHis-tagged CSB-CF3622GOV

Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E)

Product Name Target Source Tag Info Product Code
Recombinant Human coronavirus 229E Membrane protein (M), partial M E.coli N-terminal 10xHis-tagged CSB-EP323624HIT1
Recombinant Human coronavirus 229E Nucleoprotein (N) N Mammalian cell N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged CSB-MP322753HIT
Recombinant Human coronavirus 229E Nucleoprotein (N) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP322753HIT
Recombinant Human coronavirus 229E Nucleoprotein (N) N Baculovirus N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged CSB-BP322753HIT
Recombinant Human coronavirus 229E Nucleoprotein (N) N Mammalian cell C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-MP322753HITc7
Recombinant Human coronavirus 229E Nucleoprotein (N) N E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP322753HITc7
Recombinant Human coronavirus 229E Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S E.coli N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged CSB-EP321366HIT
Recombinant Human coronavirus 229E Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Mammalian cell C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-MP321366HIT1

Human coronavirus HKU1 (isolate N1) (HCoV-HKU1)

Product Name Target Source Tag Info Product Code
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Non-structural protein 4 (4) 4 E.coli N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged CSB-EP689643HIU
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Non-structural protein 4 (4) 4 E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP689643HIUc7
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Non-structural protein 4 (4) 4 Baculovirus C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-BP689643HIUc7
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Non-structural protein 4 (4) 4 Yeast C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-YP689643HIU
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Nucleoprotein (N) N Baculovirus N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged CSB-BP683657HIU
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Nucleoprotein (N) N E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP683657HIUc7
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Protein I (N) N E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP683656HIUc7
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Protein I (N) N E.coli N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged CSB-EP683656HIU
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S E.coli N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged CSB-EP708794HIU
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP708794HIUc7
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) HE in vitro E.coli expression system N-terminal 10xHis-tagged CSB-CF613540HIV
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP618924HIV
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Yeast C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-YP618924HIV
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Non-structural protein 4 (4) 4 E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP608711HIW
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Non-structural protein 4 (4) 4 Yeast C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-YP608711HIW
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Nucleoprotein (N) N Mammalian cell N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged CSB-MP607323HIW
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Nucleoprotein (N) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP607323HIW
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Protein I (N) N E.coli N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged CSB-EP605916HIW
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Nucleoprotein (N) N E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP607323HIWc7
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Mammalian cell C-terminal mFc-tagged CSB-MP611894HIWh8
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP611894HIW
Recombinant Human coronavirus HKU1 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Yeast C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-YP611894HIW

Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63)

Product Name Target Source Tag Info Product Code
Recombinant Human coronavirus NL63 Envelope small membrane protein (E) E in vitro E.coli expression system N-terminal 10xHis-tagged CSB-CF764822HIX
Recombinant Human coronavirus NL63 Membrane protein (M) M in vitro E.coli expression system N-terminal 10xHis-tagged CSB-CF757672HIX
Recombinant Human coronavirus NL63 Nucleoprotein (N) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP744150HIX
Recombinant Human coronavirus NL63 Nucleoprotein (N) N Baculovirus N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged CSB-BP744150HIX
Recombinant Human coronavirus NL63 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Yeast N-terminal 6xHis-sumostar-tagged CSB-YP747509HIX1
Recombinant Human coronavirus NL63 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Yeast N-terminal 6xHis-PDI-tagged CSB-YP747509HIX

Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43)

Product Name Target Source Tag Info Product Code
Recombinant Human coronavirus OC43 Non-structural protein 2a (2a) 2a Baculovirus C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-BP767285HIY
Recombinant Human coronavirus OC43 Nucleoprotein (N) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP333798HIY
Recombinant Human coronavirus OC43 Nucleoprotein (N) N Mammalian cell N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged CSB-MP333798HIY
Recombinant Human coronavirus OC43 Nucleoprotein (N) N Mammalian cell C-terminal hFc-tagged CSB-MP333798HIYd9
Recombinant Human coronavirus OC43 Nucleoprotein (N) N Baculovirus N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged CSB-BP333798HIY
Recombinant Human coronavirus OC43 Protein I (N) N E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP700347HIY
Recombinant Human coronavirus OC43 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-SUMO-tagged CSB-EP336163HIY
Recombinant Human coronavirus OC43 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Baculovirus N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged CSB-BP336163HIY
Recombinant Human coronavirus OC43 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Yeast N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-YP336163HIY
Recombinant Human coronavirus OC43 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Mammalian cell C-terminal 6xHis-Myc-tagged CSB-MP336163HIY1
Recombinant Human coronavirus OC43 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP336163HIY1

Human betacoronavirus

Product Name Target Source Tag Info Product Code
Recombinant Human betacoronavirus 2c EMC/2012 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Yeast N-terminal 6xHis-sumostar-tagged CSB-YP3416GNJa4
Recombinant Human betacoronavirus 2c EMC/2012 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Yeast N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-YP3416GNJ
Recombinant Human betacoronavirus 2c EMC/2012 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Mammalian cell C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-MP3416GNJ
Recombinant Human betacoronavirus 2c EMC/2012 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Mammalian cell C-terminal mFc-tagged CSB-MP3416GNJh8

Bat coronavirus

Product Name Target Source Tag Info Product Code
Recombinant Bat coronavirus 133/2005 Nucleoprotein (N) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP605318BFA
Recombinant Bat coronavirus 133/2005 Nucleoprotein (N) N Baculovirus N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged CSB-BP605318BFA
Recombinant Bat coronavirus 133/2005 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S E.coli N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged CSB-EP610383BFA
Recombinant Bat coronavirus HKU3 Nucleoprotein2 (N) N Baculovirus C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-BP664686BFDc7
Recombinant Bat coronavirus HKU3 Nucleoprotein2 (N) N Baculovirus C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-BP664686BFD
Recombinant Bat coronavirus HKU3 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Baculovirus C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-BP663395BFD
Recombinant Bat coronavirus HKU3 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP663395BFD
Recombinant Bat coronavirus HKU4 Nucleoprotein (N) N E.coli N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged CSB-EP387608BOT
Recombinant Bat coronavirus HKU5 Nucleoprotein (N) N E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP386462BOU
Recombinant Bat coronavirus HKU9 Nucleoprotein (N) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP385259BOVa0
Recombinant Bat coronavirus HKU9 Nucleoprotein (N) N Baculovirus C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-BP385259BOV
Recombinant Bat coronavirus HKU9 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP385258BOV
Recombinant Bat coronavirus HKU9 Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Baculovirus C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-BP385258BOV

Bovine coronavirus

Product Name Target Source Tag Info Product Code
Recombinant Bovine coronavirus Non-structural protein 2a (2a) 2a Yeast C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-YP838639BJE
Recombinant Bovine coronavirus Non-structural protein 2a (2a) 2a Baculovirus C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-BP838639BJE
Recombinant Bovine coronavirus Protein I (N) N E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP852737BJE
Recombinant Bovine coronavirus Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Yeast C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-YP820951BJE
Recombinant Bovine coronavirus Non-structural protein 2a (2a) 2a Mammalian cell C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-MP855307BJF
Recombinant Bovine coronavirus Non-structural protein of 4.8 kDa (4b) 4b Yeast C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-YP314697BJF
Recombinant Bovine coronavirus Non-structural protein of 12.7 kDa (5a) 5a E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP848658BJF
Recombinant Bovine coronavirus Non-structural protein of 12.7 kDa (5a) 5a Baculovirus C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-BP848658BJF
Recombinant Bovine coronavirus Nucleoprotein (N) N E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP823718BJF
Recombinant Bovine coronavirus Protein I (N) N E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP844974BJF
Recombinant Bovine coronavirus Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Mammalian cell C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-MP819726BJF
Recombinant Bovine coronavirus Nucleoprotein (N) N Mammalian cell C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-MP321743BJG
Recombinant Bovine coronavirus Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Yeast C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-YP326525BJG
Recombinant Bovine coronavirus Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Yeast C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-YP338650BJH
Recombinant Bovine coronavirus Non-structural protein 2a (2a) 2a Baculovirus C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-BP313890BJI
Recombinant Bovine coronavirus Non-structural protein 2a (2a) 2a E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP313890BJI
Recombinant Bovine coronavirus Nucleoprotein (N) N E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP889516BJI
Recombinant Bovine coronavirus Protein I (N) N E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP868731BJI
Recombinant Bovine coronavirus Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S Mammalian cell C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-MP874069BJI
Recombinant Bovine coronavirus Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP874069BJI

Canine coronavirus

Product Name Target Source Tag Info Product Code
Recombinant Canine coronavirus Nucleoprotein (N) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP745849CHAH
Recombinant Canine coronavirus Nucleoprotein (N) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP327521CCO
Recombinant Canine coronavirus Nucleoprotein (N) N E.coli N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged CSB-EP327521CCOb1
Recombinant Canine coronavirus Nucleoprotein (N) N E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP312949CCP

Feline coronavirus

Product Name Target Source Tag Info Product Code
Recombinant Feline coronavirus Non-structural protein 7a (7a), partial 7a E.coli N-terminal 10xHis-SUMO-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged CSB-EP321722FEJ
Recombinant Feline coronavirus Spike glycoprotein (S), partial S E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP319859FEJ
Recombinant Feline coronavirus Spike glycoprotein (S), Partial S E.coli N-terminal GST-tagged CSB-EP319859FEJ1e0
Recombinant Feline coronavirus Spike glycoprotein (S), Partial S E.coli C-terminal 6xHis-tagged CSB-EP319859FEJ1
Recombinant Feline coronavirus Spike glycoprotein (S), Partial S E.coli N-terminal 6xHis-SUMO-tagged CSB-EP319859FEJ1a2

Other coronavirus

Product Name Target Source Tag Info Product Code
Recombinant Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus Orf1ab, partial N/A E.coli Tag-Free CSB-EP2883GJE
Recombinant Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus Nucleoprotein (N) N E.coli N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged CSB-EP361212PQH

冠狀病毒的傳播

冠狀病毒可以從一個(gè)人傳播到另一個(gè)人,科學(xué)家認(rèn)為這些病毒通過(guò)呼吸系統(tǒng)中的液體,如黏液,傳播。冠狀病毒可以通過(guò)以下方式傳播:

● 通過(guò)咳嗽和打噴嚏而進(jìn)入空氣中

● 密切的個(gè)人接觸,比如觸摸或握手

● 接觸帶有病毒的物體或表面,然后在洗手之前觸摸口、鼻或眼睛

由冠狀病毒引起的疾病

人類(lèi)冠狀病毒通常導(dǎo)致普通感冒而非嚴(yán)重疾病。然而,冠狀病毒也是一些更嚴(yán)重爆發(fā)的原因,如嚴(yán)重急性呼吸綜合癥(SARS)、中東呼吸綜合癥(MERS)和COVID-19。

SARS

SARS是由一種冠狀病毒引起的病毒性呼吸道疾病,稱(chēng)為嚴(yán)重急性呼吸綜合癥相關(guān)冠狀病毒(SARS-CoV)。通常,它導(dǎo)致一種危及生命的肺炎。SARS首次于2002年11月在亞洲報(bào)告。在接下來(lái)的幾個(gè)月里,這種疾病在北美、南美、歐洲和亞洲的兩打國(guó)家傳播,直到2003年SARS全球爆發(fā)得到控制 [3]。

根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織(WHO)的數(shù)據(jù),在SARS爆發(fā)期間,全球共有8,098人感染SARS,其中774人死亡。這相當(dāng)于9.6%的死亡率。

SARS的癥狀在一周的過(guò)程中逐漸發(fā)展,開(kāi)始于發(fā)熱。在疾病的早期階段,人們會(huì)出現(xiàn)類(lèi)似流感的癥狀,如干咳、寒戰(zhàn)、腹瀉、呼吸急促和疼痛。通常會(huì)發(fā)展為嚴(yán)重的肺部感染。在其最高級(jí)階段,SARS會(huì)導(dǎo)致肺部、心臟或肝臟的功能衰竭。

MERS

MERS是由一種冠狀病毒引起的,被稱(chēng)為中東呼吸綜合癥冠狀病毒(MERS-CoV)??茖W(xué)家在2012年首次識(shí)別了這種嚴(yán)重的呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病,當(dāng)時(shí)它在沙特阿拉伯爆發(fā)。從那時(shí)起,它傳播到其他國(guó)家。MERS-CoV引起的臨床癥狀與SARS-CoV相似,但死亡率要高得多,約為35% [4]。

MERS的癥狀包括發(fā)熱、呼吸急促和咳嗽。該疾病通過(guò)與已經(jīng)感染的人密切接觸傳播。然而,所有MERS的病例都與最近從阿拉伯半島旅行歸來(lái)的個(gè)體有關(guān)。

COVID-19

2019年,疾病預(yù)防控制中心(CDC)開(kāi)始監(jiān)測(cè)一種新型冠狀病毒,SARS-CoV-2,導(dǎo)致現(xiàn)在被稱(chēng)為COVID-19的呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病的爆發(fā)。COVID-19的癥狀因人而異。它可能只引起很少或沒(méi)有癥狀。然而,它也可能導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的疾病,甚至致命。常見(jiàn)癥狀包括發(fā)熱、呼吸急促和咳嗽。有關(guān)COVID-19的更多信息,請(qǐng)閱讀2019新型冠狀病毒

參考文獻(xiàn):

[1] Pene F, Merlat A, Vabret A, et al. Coronavirus 229E-Related Pneumonia in Immunocompromised Patients [J]. Clin Infect Dis, 2003.

[2] Van der Hoek, L. Human coronaviruses: What do they cause? [J]. Antivir Ther, 2007.

[3] Graham R.L, Donaldson E.F, Baric R.S, et al. A decade after SARS: Strategies for controlling emerging coronaviruses [J]. Nat Rev Microbiol, 2013.

[4] Al Awaidy S. T, Khamis F. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Oman: Current situation and going forward [J]. Oman Med J. 2019

[5] Lim Y. X., et al. (2016). Human coronaviruses: A review of virus-host interactions [J]. Diseases, 2016.

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